Normal distribution
Also: Gaussian distribution, bell curve
The symmetric, bell-shaped distribution that sums of many small independent effects tend towards, described entirely by its mean and variance.
What people get wrong
Most quantities in production are not normal. Latencies, request sizes and revenue per user are heavy-tailed, and treating them as normal understates the extremes that actually cause trouble.
A definition is not an understanding. This is taught properly in The distributions you will actually meet, part of Probability & statistics.
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