Asked about Grading: code first, judges second
Your judge agrees with your labels 92% of the time. Is it good enough to use?
An answer that works
That number on its own cannot answer it, because it depends entirely on how often failures occur. If 12% of outputs are bad, a judge that simply passes everything already agrees 88% of the time, so 92% is barely above doing nothing. I would report Cohen's kappa, which subtracts the agreement two graders reach by chance, along with the catch rate on real failures and the acceptance rate on real passes. A judge at 92% agreement can sit anywhere from a kappa of 0.2 to 0.8 depending on where the mistakes fall.
Then they push further
What kappa would you want before trusting it?
Above 0.6 to track a number over time, and above 0.8 before using it to gate a release. The bands are convention rather than law, so I would quote the value with an interval rather than a label. And the interval matters: with fifty labels of which six are failures, kappa can range from 0.4 to 1.0, which decides nothing.
So how many labels do you need?
Count failures, not labels. Roughly forty failures in the validation half is where the interval on kappa gets narrow enough to act on. If the system fails rarely, go and find failures deliberately rather than labelling thousands of outputs to collect them by chance.
How would you measure whether the judge is biased by answer length?
A controlled probe. Take outputs you have already judged, append a paragraph that adds no information, and judge them again. The content is identical, so any change in the pass rate is the judge responding to length. A judge that swings thirty points on padding will teach your prompts to be verbose if you hill-climb against it.
What gets marked up
Strong answers immediately ask what the base rate is, and reach for kappa or for separate catch and acceptance rates. Very strong ones bring up the sample size of the failures. Quoting raw agreement as sufficient is the answer this question is designed to catch.
Reading an answer is not being able to give one. The section that teaches this is Grading: code first, judges second, 6 hours of Evaluation.
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